Essay on Martin Luther and The German Peasant Revolt of 1525

â€Å"Under the outward appearance of the gospel, they honor and serve the devil, thus deserving death in body and soul ten times over.† Luther’s brutal words against the rebelling peasants of Germany in 1525 reveal the complex reality of the Reformation. Suppression of the rebellion by the German aristocracy was swift and violent, leaving over 70,000 German peasants dead. The rebellion targeted the social and political oppression of the peasantry in the early 16th century. The peasants found new justification for revolt in the promising words of Martin Luther. Luther proclaimed a new kind of freedom for the Christian soul and the peasants applied his idea to their own circumstances. However a dichotomy emerged between spiritual freedom†¦show more content†¦He stressed how salvation by faith freed the soul but not the flesh. Instead, temporal power was separate from spiritual power: â€Å"This is not to say every Christian is placed over all things to hav e and control them by physical power†¦such power belongs to kings, princes and other men on earth.† Even early on, Luther made a clear definition of Christian freedom and its limits. While The Freedom of a Christian focused on the spiritual tenets of Lutheranism, in 1523 Luther clarified the role of temporal power in Concerning Governmental Authority wherein temporal power and spiritual power existed together, explaining that â€Å"Both must be permitted to remain; the one to produce righteousness, the other to bring external peace and prevent evil deeds.† Again Luther emphasized the separate spheres of the temporal and spiritual power. One of his many criticisms of the Catholic Church had been its attempt to control both spheres. These two works illustrate Luther had a conservative idea of social and political order. Then, leading up to the 1525 revolt, there were political and economic stresses affecting the peasantry. The 16th century was a dynamic period for Europe as the population increased by 50% from 1480 to 1548. This rapid increase in population had a twofold effect. As a larger population strained resources inflation went upShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther And His Influence On Peasant Results951 Words   |  4 PagesDecember 11, 2015 Martin Luther and His Influence on Peasant Results Martin Luther was one of the most influential people in Christian history, when he began the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century. He questioned some of the basic beliefs and principles of the Roman Catholic church and his followers split from the Roman Catholic to begin the protestant tradition. Martin Luther spent a few years at the monastery and finally became an Augustinian monk. Martin Luther gained religious enlightenmentRead MoreMartin Luther And The Catholic Way Of Thinking868 Words   |  4 PagesLutheranism was started by the ex-catholic priest Martin Luther in his attempt to revolutionize the catholic way of thinking. Martin Luther whose lifespan was from 1483 to 1546 studied in the University of Wittenberg where he studied greatly under the laws of sola fide, sola gratia, and sola scriptura which meant by faith alone, by grace alone, by scripture alone. During that time he often question the way Catholics would handle their ways of teaching one example was that the only way to get intoRead MoreLutheranism and Its Impact on Germanic Peasants1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rise of Lutheranism and its Impact on Germanic Peasants The rise of a new religion is often met with both praise and malice from the hierarchy of the civilization it springs from. The rise of Lutheranism affected all of Western Europe, but it’s most prominent impact was on the peasants and serfs with no where to turn in what is today Germany. As the growth of Lutheranism picked up speed at the beginning of the sixteenth century, peasants from all over the Germanic states turned to LutheranismRead MoreLuther and the Peasants Revolt1529 Words   |  7 Pagesthe affect of suppressing peasants. Through dictating proper beliefs and a sort of uniform, elite culture that a good Christian should strive to fulfill, peasant culture was increasingly marginalized, deemed inferior to the ruling nobility and even subsequently disregarded in modern hindsight; this perceived inferiority contributed to the nobility’s exploitation of peasants. As the paramount representative of the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther appealed to peasants t hrough his repudiation ofRead MoreLuther s Address For The Christian Nobility Of The German Nation931 Words   |  4 PagesLuther’s Address: Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (1520) Using the Ninety-Five Theses, Martin Luther almost single handedly lead the reformation of the Protestants in 1520. Although his father was strict, Luther followed his own path by questioning the limits of the church. Because of this, the church shunned Luther and punished him accordingly. Luther spent most of his time studying writings by Augustine which he used these ideas to influence the way Christianity is practicedRead MoreLuther And The Christian Nobility Of The German Nation1396 Words   |  6 PagesIn Martin Luther’s To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, Luther writes to the German princes on the three walls that the Catholic Church uses to defend themselves from reform. Luther attacks all three walls for the power it gives to the Pope. His attack of the second wall, that only the pope can interpret scripture, is a tenant of Luther’s theology. The Lutheran belief of Sola Scriptura holds that only Scripture should be the source of all Christian practi ces, rather than doctrines declaredRead MoreAdolf Hitler And Martin Luther Of Germany2117 Words   |  9 Pagesbother trying? If so, how? Adolf Hitler of Germany: Martin Luther of Germany: Argument: No it is impossible. Argument: Yes it is possible. Today we have two great and influential people debating an incredibly controversial topic. Adolf Hitler and Martin Luther are both German citizens during a time of conflict, however that is where the similarities end. Luther, who was born in 1483 lived in a very different world from Hither. To Luther, the conflict was focused primarily around religion andRead MoreThe Death Of Martin Luther1013 Words   |  5 Pages Martin Luther was born in Germany on November 10th, 1483. He was the son of Hans and Margarette Luther. In 1501 Martin entered the University of Erurt where he received a master of arts degree. He got a degree in grammar, logic, rhetoric and metaphysics which seemed as if he was becoming a lawyer. In 1505, Luther went through some life changing experiences which led him on a new course. He got caught in a storm where he plead out to St. Anne, Save me, St. Anne, and I have become a monkRead MoreTo what extent was martin Luther responsible for the protestant reformation in Germany?1990 Words   |  8 PagesTo what extent was Martin Luther responsible for the revolutionary Protestant reformation in Germany? In this essay, I will attempt to assess the extent of Martin Luthers role in the Protestant reformation that took place at the beginning of the sixteenth century in Germany. Luthers name is synonymous with the religious Reformation of the sixteenth century, or the evangelical movement as it is sometimes called, but the actual details of the Reformation itself are somewhat lesser known. LuthersRead MoreA Letter Of Protest By Martin Luther1503 Words   |  7 PagesIt all started with one man: Martin Luther, who out of anger, sent a letter of protest directed against the concept of indulgences among the Catholic Church. As with many events in history, all it took was one outspoken man to incite the feelings of thousands of others. These feelings about questioning the church had been building since the previous century, as the spirit of intellectual inquiry was one of the chief legacies of the Renaissance. The 16th Century became known as the Protestant Reformation

Organizational Culture Business Practices - 1011 Words

Does Organisational Culture Shape Ethical Business Practices? U5009333 Sarah Zuiderduin 14/10/2014 Introduction Organisation culture can be described as the beliefs, customs, value systems and behavioural norms and ways of doing business that are unique to each corporation. The impact of organisational culture on the ethical standards and moral practices of people in organisations has become increasingly common (Fisse Braithwaite, 1983). Managers within organisations are now turning to organisational culture to not only to explain what happens in organisations, but also to attempt to shape what happens in the organisation (Sinclair, 1993). Body Definition of organisational culture, ethical business†¦show more content†¦Management can and should actively manage and engage in organisational culture. This process requires clear identification and articulation of a corporate strategy, philosophy or mission. These strategies are not confined to economic goals, but there does need to be a cohesive statement about what kind of organisation the company will be; including its character, espoused values, and relationships to customers, employees, communities, and shareholders (Murphy, 1989). Commonly known as a ‘credo’ (Murphy, 1989), this strategy can be translated into a corporate code of ethics. The credo can be a general statement about the organisational values, the code of ethics should be specific, pertinent, publicized, communicated and enforced, as well as revised (Laczniak Murphy, 1991). Apple Inc. utilises it’s employees levels of innovation, creativity, and provides further training and development programs to ensure a positive, supporting, engaging and empowering organisational culture and attributes this environment to its success. Leadership and its positive influences, linked to above statements about Apple Inc. Identify and describe positive outcomes of organisational culture and its positive influence on ethical business practices. Identify the extent of the influence? The strong cultural approach adopts a more instrumental

Visual Arts Paper Example For Students

Visual Arts Paper It is discovered that dead ends and empty spaces throughout the museum are used to create an eerie atmosphere. The deliberately sloped floors are intended to make visitors nauseate, while the orientation of the interior physically bringing visitors to sunlight, which is symbolic of the direction to salvation. These structural features contribute to the exploration of light, In the museum, light is used to juxtapose darkness in Holocaust Tower, the confined area reminds one f a gas chamber. In installation art Fallen Leaves, the combination of sound and light suggests a spiritual presence, haunting visitors with memories afar. Throughout the museum are scar-like slits and windows, which gradually shifts the overall atmosphere of the museum from disturbance to relief. Light carries historical significance in the Jewish Museum Berlin because it allows readers to relive history, connecting emotionally with the past. It is a hopeful structure that aims not to condemn, but to remember by recording and ultimately accepting horrors of history. Word count: 300 words Chug Mary Yet Fan (0637 0020) Contents Introduction p. 4-5 Daniel Libertines and the Jewish Museum Berlin p. -7 Jewish Museum Berlin as a scared architecture p. 8-10 Structure of the Jewish Museum Berlin p. 11-14 Dead ends Linen floors and winding stairs The Void Natural light in the Jewish Museum Berlin p. 15-18 Holocaust tower Windows and slits of light Fallen Leaves by Menaces Sideman Conclusion p. 19-20 Bibliography p. 21 -22 Appendix p. 23 The 2009 Prettier laureate, Peter Azimuth differentiates architecture trot art as such, it is concerned with insights and understanding, and above all with Ruth Architectures artistic task is to give this still expectancy a tort (Azimuth 19). My passion in architecture comes from the fact that it is realistic, No matter how vantage the design, it always withholds a specific purpose and meaning for society at the time, giving a solid form for what is deemed abstract in the arts: the truth. In the Jewish Museum Berlin, the truth is presented in the form of light Light has long been a fundamental element of architecture, especially in contemporary architecture where light becomes a means of communication that inflicts complex emotions beyond words. Via understanding the importance of light in architecture, we come to have a better understanding of the world we live in. M intrigued by the ideas that each building holds, the truth, and how they are presented. This paper explores how effective is the use of natural light in instilling historical significance into the atmosphere Of an interior space. This depends on the treatment of light, whether it contrasts or compliments the exploration of central ideas. In the Jewish Museum Berlin, Daniel Libertines haunts visitors by the insupportable, immeasurable, unshakeable ruder (Bankers 45) of the Holocaust, while connecting it to the Berlin museum as a gesture of the Jewish and German cultures reconciliation. The atmosphere of the museums interior shifts and changes with different ways of light manipulation. This essay aims to address how light is manipulated to deliver historical significance into the museums interior, and how Libertines structures the interior to compliment the particular use tot natural light in order to create atmosphere. This essay starts with a brief introduction to the architect, Daniel Libertines, ND the structure, Jewish Museum Berlin, over »mewing its stylistic features and purpose, A comparison is drawn between the museum and sacred architecture, illustrating the symbols that light embodies. Structural features of the museum that contribute to the manipulation of light are examined, such as dead ends, uneven floors, Winding stairs, and empty spaces, or voids. An analysis on the role natural light plays in creating atmosphere follows, focusing on the Holocaust tower, Windows, slits Of light, and installation art piece Fallen Leaves. Light is the intangible material that conveys intangible ideas in architecture. In the Jewish Museum Berlin, Daniel Libertines wants to address the void that is left behind after a massacre. It achieves what mere concrete cant: a subtle yet powerful way to establish emotional connection with something that isnt graspable, and most importantly, to give voice to the past and history, giving the structure purpose and context. Chug Mary Yet pan (0637 ? 0020) The traumatic memory of growing up in Communist Poland (Gears) is integral to Daniel Libertines, where he comes to respect the importance Of history. In his Text talk on September 19th, 2012, he explains, every place has a history Moieties the voices are inaudible, sometimes the actions are invisible and yet the history continues to cry out for justice. The architect of the Jewish Museum Berlin is no bystander Of Jewish history, but one Who is part Of it. A visit to Westernizes and its Jewish Cemetery has inspired Daniel Libertines to the idea of a void (Bankers 39). Looking at the empty slabs of tombstone, he was overwhelmed by the fact that these victims Will forever remain unheard. It became evident to him that he mus t bring this feeling into the museum, creating a kind of haunting quality of spaces through which the passage of absence took lace (Libertines 204). Don Juan EssayAnd removes any distinction of traditional Christian motifs and aesthetic (Karol). He masterfully deconstructs the sense of holiness to light. As a result, the contrast between light and dark creates a humble, meditative place Of worship (Karol). The void created by Figure 7: Today Nods Church Of Light Source: Fuji, Annoy. N. D. Photograph. Archaically. Web. 21 Cot. 013. -today-and/>. The for rectangular stone slabs is the only symbol of Christ, which in turn makes the interior infinitely more powerful and pure than actual, physical representations of the Church. The distinctive lines of the stone slabs are highlighted with the projection of light, the cross sign is reflected onto walls and mirrors. Similarly to And, Libertines manipulates with the idea of a void in the Garden of Exile, using negative space to deliver the sense of spirituality. In light of monumental events such as the Holocaust, any physical symbolization would appear rather shallow and ephemeral. Using abstract materials such as light in the context of the Jewish Museum Berlin, however, spiritualists the invisible in a poetic and empowering way. When stripped away of any physical connotations, the past and the invisible can be felt as they truly are, communicating With visitors complex emotions that are beyond words and time. The structure of the museum is crucial to the titration of its interior space, and therefore the way light is used to create different atmospheres and delivering historical significances. The use of quadrilateral shapes results in the defined angles and lines within the windows, shadows and spaces, creating a cage-like interior that suggests violence. Daniel Libertines projects the Jewish way of thinking into the structure of the maximize museum, as he explains, in the Jewish tradition, ideas are not simply posited as ready-made, but are arrived at through an endless process of questioning The buildings organization poses many questions to visitors. There is no set way to read the building (Bitter Libertines 21). Dead ends (Bib 8) are stylistic of the museum. Throughout the museum are abrupt stops, stairs leading to nowhere and empty areas. As result, natural light reflects and refracts within these empty hallways, creating luminous patches Of light onto walls, the floor and the ceiling. Walking through the museum is an exploration itself, While these spaces and dead ends create an eerie atmosphere. Once again, the sense of emptiness represents the invisible, silent presences. Figure 8: Dead end Source: Chug, Mary, Photograph, JPG file, 30 June 2013. 12 In the museum, windows do not necessarily introduce sunlight. There are windows (Pig. G) in the museums that reveal concrete walls, which is the main material for the structure.

To write the directors notes on act 1 scene 5 Essay Example

To write the directors notes on act 1 scene 5 Essay To write the directors notes on act 1 scene 5. Explain the atmosphere you wish to convey to the audience in this scene. Explain to the actors playing Romeo and Juliet how you expect them to interpret their roles, especially in the scene but also in other parts of the play. As we start the party there is a lot of rush. The servants are not ready for the party to start but it all ready has. The first line of act one, scene five is. Wheres Potpan, that he helps not to take away? He shift a trencher! He scraped a trencher! Theres a huge rush as the party starts. The quote implies that the servants dont know what is going on, and looking for people that didnt remove the dishes. The party moves on as Romeo arrives. Capulet welcomes Romeo, Mercutio, and Benvolio, but does he know that they are Montagues? In the text Capulet said, welcome gentlemen! Three times to Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio. Capulet it would seem doesnt know that his guests that he is welcoming are Montagues or does he? Capulet and Second Capulet talk of how long it has been since they have danced with each other. Tis not so much, tis not so much: tis since the nuptial of Lucentio. Some five and twenty years. The two Capulets have not danced with each other in 25years or more. They talk of old times. We will write a custom essay sample on To write the directors notes on act 1 scene 5 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To write the directors notes on act 1 scene 5 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To write the directors notes on act 1 scene 5 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Romeo first lays eyes on Juliet. What lady is that which doth enrich the hand Of younder night. Romeo has just saw Juliet and he just has to speak his mind. There is a lot of imagery in this part of the play, O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! This implies that she stands out in a crowd. Tybalt hears Romeo speak and knows that it is Romeo and goes to his Uncle, Capulet, and tells him, Uncle, this is a Montague, our foe. Capulet is calm about Romeo at his party and dont mind. Young Romeo, is it. Let him alone. He tells him to leave Romeo alone and has been told many good things about him, this is proven by the quote, Verona brags of him. So Capulet lets Romeo stay. Tybalt is very raged by this and threatens Romeo, Now seeming sweet convert to bitter gall. This is implying that Romeo is lucky now but after time he wont be so lucky. But Romeo doesnt hear this and turns to look at Juliet. This is the biggest part of the play the love sonnet between Romeo and Juliet. If I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this: My lips two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with tender kiss. Romeo wants to kiss Juliet. He uses a lot of imagery Juliet replies with. Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, Which mannerly devotion shows in this; For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch, and palm to palm is holy palmers kiss. Juliet is asking for him to kiss her but will he or not? There is still a lot of imagery Have not saint lips, and holy palmers too? All there is all imagery using examples to show what he is doing or trying do. Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. There is use of praying as Romeos and Juliets hands touch. O then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do! They pray: grant thou, last faith turn to despair. Romeo asks to kiss Juliet but says it in a different way to just coming out and saying it. Saints do not move, though grant for prayers sake. She slowly pulls away and resists him. Then move not, while my prayers effect I take. This is the big part of the scene; this is where Romeo kisses Juliet. Thus from my lips, by thine, my sin is purgd. This is a hint to the end of the play. Then have my lips the sin that they have took. She has also taken the sin. The hint to the end of the play. Sin from my lips? O trespass sweetly urgd! Give me my sin again. Romeo wants another kiss. But. You kiss by the book. Implies that Romeo is a good kiss. Then the nurse buts in. Madam, your mother craves a word with you. The nurse interrupts the biggest part of the play and breaks the whole conversation up. From here the two lovers are parted from one another. Romeo is wondering just who Juliet is, and asks the nurse What is her mother? Romeo is distraught to find out that Her mother is the lady of the house. That line is enough to turn Romeo away but he has fallen for her, he loves her! Juliet also does this to find out who Romeo is. She asks the nurse who some of the people on the dance floor are trying not to look too interested in Romeo, Go, ask his name. When Juliet finds out he is a Montague she says, my only love sprung from my only hate! Juliet loves Romeo but she and her family hate the name of any Montague. Juliet and the nurse leave the party. There are many characters in act one scene five, but there are only a couple of main characters. The main characters are Romeo and Juliet, Capulet, the Nurse, Tybalt and Benvolio. The way they act and should feel towards one another are as follows. Romeo and Juliet, the lovers of the scene and the main characters of this scene. Their love as show in the scene was unexplainable from the first time they sore each other, what ladys that which doth enrich the hand of yonder knight. Romeo and Juliet should speak to each other in a passionate way. The mood these two will feel in this scene is love between each other. Capulet, is the calm and doesnt want to cause a scene at his own party when he finds out Romeo is there. Young Romeo is it. Content thee, gentle coz, let him alone. He likes Romeo. This man is strong headed and knows what he wants. Capulet should talk in a calm but demanding way. Capulets mood is laid back and calm. Nurse, the nurse is the messenger between Romeo and Juliet and is a bit of a talkative person. The nurse says five lines, her mother is the lady of the house after a simple question from Romeo. The nurse should talk in a quick and fast. The nurses mood happy and overwhelmed bout the party. Tybalt, is a strong always ready for any thing and is the nephew to Capulet. He doesnt have a big part in the scene apart from the madness of finding a Montague at his familys party. It fits when such villain is a guest. He should talk strong and be intrigued by what people have to say. Tybalt is very augury in this scene. Imagery is used a lot in this play mostly in this scene; the love sonnet is all imagery. The prayers hand is showing how their hands touch. The sin of their lips shows and implies how their lives will end up, as their love progresses. This scene should leave the audience guessing what is going to happen if they pick up on the imagery. This is a change from the first scenes, the first scene are hate and depression this will bring the audience to a climax as they wait to find out what happens next.

10 Fascinating Facts About Grasshoppers

10 Fascinating Facts About Grasshoppers Famed fable writer Aesop portrayed the grasshopper as a neer do well who fiddled away his summer days without a thought to the future but in the real world, the destruction wreaked by grasshoppers on farming and ranching is far from a harmless parable. Although grasshoppers are extremely common, theres more to these summertime critters than meets the eye. Heres a list of 10 fascinating grasshopper-related facts. 1. Grasshoppers and Locusts Are One and the Same When we think of grasshoppers, most people recall pleasant childhood memories of trying to catch the jumping insects in meadows or backyards. Say the word locusts, however, and it brings to mind images of historic plagues raining down destruction on crops and devouring every plant in sight. Truth be told, grasshoppers and locusts are members of the same insect order. While certain species are commonly referred to grasshoppers and others as locusts, both creatures are short-horned members of the order Orthoptera. Jumping herbivores with shorter antennae are grouped into the suborder Caelifera, while their longer-horned brethren (crickets and katydids) belong to the suborder Ensifera. 2. Grasshoppers Have Ears on Their Bellies The grasshoppers auditory organs are found not on the head, but rather, on the abdomen. A pair of membranes that vibrate in response to sound waves are located one on either side of the first abdominal segment, tucked under the wings. This simple eardrum, called a tympanal organ, allows the grasshopper to hear the songs of its fellow grasshoppers. 3. Although Grasshoppers Can Hear, They Cant Distinguish Pitch  Very Well As with most insects, the grasshoppers auditory organs are simple structures. They can detect differences in intensity and rhythm, but not pitch. The male grasshoppers song isnt particularly melodic which is a good thing since females dont care whether or not a fellow can carry a tune. Each species of grasshopper produces a characteristic rhythm that distinguishes its song from others and enables courting males and females of a given species to find one another. 4. Grasshoppers Make Music by Stridulating or Crepitating If youre not familiar with those terms, dont worry. Its not all that complicated. Most grasshoppers stridulate, which simply means that they rub their hind legs against their forewings to produce their trademark tunes. Special pegs on the inside of the hind leg act like a percussion instrument of sorts when they come in contact with the thickened edge of the wing. The band-winged grasshoppers crepitate or loudly snap their wings as they fly. 5. Grasshoppers Catapult Themselves Into the Air If youve ever tried to catch a grasshopper, you know how far they can jump to flee danger. If humans could jump the way grasshoppers do, we would be able to easily leap the length of a football field. How do these insects jump so far? Its all in those big, back legs. A grasshoppers hind legs function like miniature catapults. In preparation for a jump, the grasshopper contracts its large flexor muscles slowly, bending its hind legs at the knee joint. A special piece of cuticle within the knee acts as a spring, storing up all the potential energy. The grasshopper then relaxes its leg muscles, allowing the spring to release its energy and fling the insect into the air. 6. Grasshoppers Can Fly Because grasshoppers have such powerful jumping legs, people sometimes dont realize that they also have wings. Grasshoppers use their jumping ability to give them a boost into the air but most are pretty strong fliers and make good use of their wings to escape predators. 7. Grasshoppers Cause Billions of Dollars in Damage to Food Crops Annually One lone grasshopper cant do too much harm, although it eats about half its body weight in plants each day- but when locusts swarm, their combined feeding habits can completely defoliate a landscape, leaving farmers without crops and people without food. In the U.S. alone, grasshoppers cause about $1.5 billion in damage to grazing lands each year. In 1954, a swarm of Desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) consumed over 75 square miles of wild and cultivated plants in Kenya. 8. Grasshoppers Are an Important Source of Protein People have been consuming locusts and grasshoppers for centuries. According to the Bible, John the Baptist ate locusts and honey in the wilderness. Locusts and grasshoppers are a regular dietary component in local diets in many areas of Africa, Asia, and the Americas- and since theyre packed with protein, theyre an important nutritional staple as well. 9. Grasshoppers Existed Long Before Dinosaurs Modern-day grasshoppers descend from ancient ancestors that lived long before dinosaurs roamed the Earth. The fossil record shows that primitive grasshoppers first appeared during the Carboniferous period, more than 300 million years ago. Most ancient grasshoppers are preserved as fossils, although grasshopper nymphs (the second stage in the grasshopper lifestyle after the initial egg phase) are occasionally found in amber. 10. Grasshoppers  May Spit Liquid to Defend Themselves If youve ever handled grasshoppers, youve probably had a few of them spit brown liquid on you in protest. Scientists believe this behavior is a means of self-defense, and the liquid helps the insects repel predators. Some people say grasshoppers spit tobacco juice, probably because historically, grasshoppers have been associated with tobacco crops. Rest assured, however, the grasshoppers arent using you as a spittoon.

Answer these questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer these questions - Assignment Example Humans: We [Humans] live in nature and culture. Even though much of our behavioral traits are inherited, we have opinions, and so form judgments. That as the inert aspects of biology interacts with the external components of culture, certain thoughts passed along to the latter generations fades away, in effect, explaining how natural selection operates on cultural thoughts. Culture affords that extra capacity for humans to adjust to the challenges of nature. 1) Explain the differences about whether Neanderthals were humans exactly like us or not. What traits did they have that were like us, and which were different, and how can you explain these through the principles of natural selection and variation? The Neanderthals were generally similar to modern man in appearance; the anatomy was essentially human in scope, with a similar number of bones functioning in the same manner. They were, however, different in terms of their robustness [thickness and strength]. The Neanderthal also had backward sloped forehead, with a slightly forward protruding nose compared to modern humans. The similarities in the physical traits of the two come from the very fact that both humans and Neanderthals acquired certain genetic variables from a common ancestor; variables which may have been â€Å"wiped clean† with certain beneficial aspects of mutation, causing variations in humans to help develop language or engage in complex interactive mechanisms, in effect, showing the very nature of natural selection in action. 2) How can bones tell us stories that history cannot? What specific scientific methods would you employ to study a group of skeletons from a volcanic eruption, in which the ruler of the time said all the people escaped the disaster? Scientific evidence has proven beyond reasonable doubles that organisms evolve/change over time. Through the studies of bones, scientists can, therefore, how species have changed across long

Mild Mental Retardation Related focused on pediatric population and Research Paper

Mild Mental Retardation Related focused on pediatric population and communication disorders - Research Paper Example To establish a diagnosis of mental retardation, the intelligence has to be atleast 2 standard deviations less than the mean intelligent quotient. Mental retardation can be categorized into mild, moderate, severe and profound based on the intelligent quotient and of these, mild mental retardation (MMR) accounts for more than 85 percent of the cases. The intelligent quotient is between 50-55 to 70 and the standard deviation below mean is 2-3. According to Reschly (2009), "MMR was the official designation of a level of MR that involved current intellectual functioning performance between 2 and 3 standard deviations below the population mean and significant limitations in some, but not all, facets of everyday adaptive functioning." The DSM (2005) criteria for mental retardation includes "significantly sub-average intellectual functioning- an IQ of approximately 70 or below, trouble with functioning in multiple areas of life and onset before age 18." Since those with MMR do not have much biological or physical involvement, there is no biological stigmata associated with the diagnosis (Nadelson, 2001). On the other hand, in those with levels of mental retardation beyond MMR, the diagnosis is often made in preschool years and the setting of identification is usually a health care system (Reschly, 2009). The comprehensiveness of the individual is poor and affects performance of the individuals in all social setting and also functional roles. Biological stigmata is always present with the diagnosis (Reschly, 2009). Diagnosis of MMR is often complex and also controversial because of lack of unequivocal symptoms and signs (Hegde and Pomaville, 2008). The diagnosis of MMR was recognized formally about a century ago and has been described in the earlier versions of American Association on Mental Retardation Disabilities (Reschly, 2009). When compared to other levels of mental retardation, MMR is usually not diagnosed until the child attains school age and the diagnosis usua lly occurs subsequent to referral from the class teacher of the child for suboptimal academic performance. Individuals with MMR typically do not exhibit any physical characteristics, neither do they have much impairment of comprehension (Reschly, 2009). When compared to other levels of mental retardation, MMR is usually not diagnosed until the child attains school age and the diagnosis usually occurs subsequent to referral from the class teacher of the child for suboptimal academic performance. Individuals with MMR typically do not exhibit any physical characteristics, neither do they have much impairment of comprehension (Reschly, 2009). Recent formulations for grading the severity of mental retardation are based on the levels of support needed rather than intelligent quotient. This is because; support levels are anyway related conceptually to impairment levels. Four levels of support are described in this regard and they are analogous to the four levels of impairment used earlier (Reschley, 2009). In this essay, communication problems, their evaluation tools, and treatment will be discussed with reference to MMR. Since there are several causes of MMR and it is beyond the purview of this essay to discuss them, one cause of MMR, the William syndrome will be discussed. Speech and language characteristics of the disorder The permanence in MMR is variable and its identification is unlike during preschool age period and adulthood.